Substitutions

What can I use instead of five-spice powder?

A Chinese blend, most often star anise, cinnamon or cassia, cloves, fennel seed and Sichuan or white pepper, balanced to cover several taste sensations at once.

What it does in a recipe: A complete aromatic base for roasted and braised meat — sweet, warm, liquorice and pungent notes in a single spoon. Pick the swap that covers that job — the ratios below are written so you can act on them without doing any arithmetic.

Also called: Chinese five-spice, Wu xiang fen

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Quick answer

Homemade blend

1 tsp five-spice powder = 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground fennel seed + 1/8 tsp ground star anise + 1/8 tsp ground cloves + a pinch of ground white or Sichuan pepper

All substitutes, best first

4 ways to replace five-spice powder

Homemade blend

Closest match
1 tsp five-spice powder = 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground fennel seed + 1/8 tsp ground star anise + 1/8 tsp ground cloves + a pinch of ground white or Sichuan pepper

This reconstructs the blend at its usual proportions, with star anise and cinnamon carrying most of the character and the pepper supplying the pungent edge.

MethodGrind whole spices together if you can. Ground star anise and clove both fade fast once milled.

Trade-offSharper and more fragrant than an old jar, and you control how much liquorice dominates.

CookingSaucesFryingVeganVegetarianGluten-freeDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Star anise with cinnamon

Reliable
1 tsp five-spice powder = 1/4 tsp ground star anise + 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon

These are the two loudest voices in the blend, and together they account for most of what anyone actually tastes in it.

Trade-offMissing the clove depth and the peppery finish, so a char siu will taste sweeter and less complex.

CookingSaucesVeganVegetarianGluten-freeDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Garam masala with a pinch of ground fennel

In a pinch
1 tsp five-spice powder = 3/4 tsp garam masala + 1/4 tsp ground fennel seed

Both blends are built on cinnamon, clove and pepper, so the overlap is real, and the added fennel restores the anethole note garam masala lacks.

Trade-offCumin and coriander come along and push the dish towards South Asia. Recognisably different but not unpleasant.

CookingSaucesVeganVegetarianDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Allergen checkSwapping one packaged blend for another tells you nothing about either one's fillers, and wheat-derived carriers turn up in both categories. Check both labels before cooking gluten-free, and route any medical allergy question to the manufacturers.

Ground allspice with fennel

In a pinch
1 tsp five-spice powder = 1/2 tsp ground allspice + 1/2 tsp ground fennel seed

Allspice covers the cinnamon and clove notes in one ingredient, and fennel supplies the liquorice, giving a rough two-part approximation.

Trade-offSofter and rounder, without the pepper's tingle or star anise's intensity.

CookingSaucesVeganVegetarianGluten-freeDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Worth knowing

Five-spice is potent and salty dishes amplify it. A teaspoon is usually enough for a kilo of meat, and more quickly turns medicinal.

At a glance

Five-spice powder in summary

CategorySpices
Job in a recipeA complete aromatic base for roasted and braised meat — sweet, warm, liquorice and pungent notes in a single spoon
SuitsVegan, Vegetarian, Dairy-free, Egg-free, Nut-free, Soy-free
Swaps available forDairy-freeEgg-freeGluten-freeNut-freeSoy-freeVeganVegetarian
Number of substitutes4

Related

More spices

Cooking around an allergy? Diet tags here describe the ingredient itself, not any particular brand. Processed products change formulation without notice and shared production lines are common, so read the label on everything you use. A severe allergy is a medical matter — confirm with the manufacturer or your clinician rather than relying on a substitution chart.