Substitutions

What can I use instead of cayenne pepper?

Finely ground dried cayenne chillies, typically in the region of thirty to fifty thousand Scoville units, sold as a pure single-chilli powder.

What it does in a recipe: Clean heat with very little flavour or bulk — it raises the heat of a dish without changing its taste or colour much. Pick the swap that covers that job — the ratios below are written so you can act on them without doing any arithmetic.

Also called: Ground red pepper

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Quick answer

Red pepper flakes

1/2 tsp cayenne = 1 1/2 tsp red pepper flakes

All substitutes, best first

4 ways to replace cayenne pepper

Red pepper flakes

Reliable
1/2 tsp cayenne = 1 1/2 tsp red pepper flakes

Flakes include seeds and pith and are coarser, so a given volume carries less capsaicin than the fine powder — roughly a third as much, though brands vary.

MethodCrush the flakes in a mortar first if you want the heat evenly distributed rather than in hot pockets.

Trade-offVisible red flecks and uneven heat rather than the smooth burn cayenne gives. Add gradually and taste.

CookingSaucesFryingVeganVegetarianGluten-freeDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Hot sauce

Reliable
1/4 tsp cayenne = 1 tsp cayenne-based hot sauce, with a little liquid removed elsewhere

Most simple hot sauces are cayenne, vinegar and salt, so the heat source is the same spice suspended in liquid.

Trade-offAdds vinegar and salt to the dish, which is welcome in a stew and unhelpful in a dry rub or a batter.

SaucesCookingVeganVegetarianDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Allergen checkHot sauces are formulated products and a few thicken with wheat or are bottled on shared lines. Read the label before using one in a gluten-free dish, and verify with the producer if the allergy is a medical one.

Chipotle powder

In a pinch
1/2 tsp cayenne = 1 tsp chipotle powder

Chipotle is roughly half cayenne's heat, so double the volume, but it is a smoke-dried chilli and carries a great deal of flavour cayenne does not.

Trade-offStrongly smoky and noticeably darker in colour. It will change the dish, not just heat it.

CookingSaucesVeganVegetarianGluten-freeDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Chili powder

In a pinch
1/4 tsp cayenne = 1 1/2 tsp chili powder, and reduce salt elsewhere

American chili powder contains a small proportion of cayenne alongside mild chilli, cumin and garlic, so a much larger quantity is needed for the same heat.

Trade-offBy the time you have enough heat you have added a lot of cumin, garlic and often salt. It only works in a dish that wanted those anyway.

CookingSaucesVeganVegetarianDairy-freeEgg-freeNut-freeSoy-free

Allergen checkSeasoning blends of this kind vary widely between brands and some contain wheat-based fillers, milk solids or shared-line allergens. Check the ingredient panel before serving this to anyone with a restriction, and confirm severe allergies with the manufacturer.

Worth knowing

Chilli heat varies enormously between harvests and brands. Whatever the ratio says, add half, taste once the dish has simmered a few minutes, and adjust.

At a glance

Cayenne pepper in summary

CategorySpices
Job in a recipeClean heat with very little flavour or bulk — it raises the heat of a dish without changing its taste or colour much
SuitsVegan, Vegetarian, Gluten-free, Dairy-free, Egg-free, Nut-free, Soy-free
Swaps available forDairy-freeEgg-freeGluten-freeNut-freeSoy-freeVeganVegetarian
Number of substitutes4

Related

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Cooking around an allergy? Diet tags here describe the ingredient itself, not any particular brand. Processed products change formulation without notice and shared production lines are common, so read the label on everything you use. A severe allergy is a medical matter — confirm with the manufacturer or your clinician rather than relying on a substitution chart.