Brewed espresso dried and ground to a fine, instantly soluble powder. Used in baking in tiny quantities, where it makes chocolate taste more like itself.
What it does in a recipe: A flavour amplifier — it deepens chocolate without making anything taste of coffee. Pick the swap that covers that job — the ratios below are written so you can act on them without doing any arithmetic.
Cooking around an allergy? Diet tags here describe the ingredient itself, not any particular brand. Processed products change formulation without notice and shared production lines are common, so read the label on everything you use. A severe allergy is a medical matter — confirm with the manufacturer or your clinician rather than relying on a substitution chart.